Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) relies on the strong
paramagnetism of Mn2+. Mn2+ is a calcium ion analog and can enter excitable cells through …

MRI has been extensively used in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's
disease (AD), frontal-temporal dementia (FTD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's …

Chronic pain is a major health problem, affecting 10–30% of the population in developed
countries. While chronic pain is defined as “a persistent complaint of pain lasting for more …

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a widely used technique for
detecting neuronal activity in the brain of a living animal. Ceftriaxone (CEF) has been shown …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that occurs in approximately 1.0% of
the general population. In RA patients, physical disability and joint damage are the major …

Intractable neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (NP-SCI) reduces a patient's quality
of life. Excessive release of ATP into the extracellular space evokes neuroinflammation via …

Strokes cause spasticity via stretch reflex hyperexcitability in the spinal cord, and spastic
paralysis due to involuntary muscle contraction in the hands and fingers can severely restrict …

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by neuronal deficits and α‐synuclein
inclusions in the brain. Ceftriaxone (CEF), a β‐lactam antibiotic, has been suggested as a …

Premature or ill full-term infants are subject to a number of noxious procedures as part of
their necessary medical care. Although we know that human infants show neural changes in …

Neurodegenerative diseases represent great challenges for basic science and clinical
medicine because of their prevalence, pathologies, lack of mechanism-based treatments …