Due to the fact that mRNA technology allows the production of diverse vaccines and
treatments in a shorter time frame and with reduced expense compared to conventional …

Monoclonal antibodies are a growing class of targeted cancer therapeutics, characterized by
exquisite specificity, long serum half-life, high affinity and immune effector functions. In this …

Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

The therapeutic potential of recombinant cytokines has been limited by the severe side
effects of systemic administration. We describe a strategy to reduce the dose-limiting …

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway
serves as a paradigm for signal transduction from the extracellular environment to the …

Opinion statement In approximately 15–20% of the patients diagnosed with breast cancer, it
comprises the triple negative (TN) subtype, which until recently lacked targets for specific …

Nadofaragene firadenovec (nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg; Adstiladrin®) is a non-
replicating adenoviral vector-based gene therapy developed by Ferring Pharmaceuticals for …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of nanoscale membrane-bound organelles
including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), membrane particles, and apoptotic bodies, which …

The limited benefits of immunotherapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is closely related to the
paucity of T cells in brain tumor bed. Both systemic and local immunosuppression contribute …