For 200 years, the 'closed box'analogy of intracranial pressure (ICP) has underpinned
neurosurgery and neuro-critical care. Cushing conceptualised the Monro-Kellie doctrine …

Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular developmental anomalies
(birth defects). These defects are caused by developmental arrest of the venous system …

The prevailing view on multiple sclerosis etiopathogenesis has been challenged by the
suggested new entity chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. To test this hypothesis, we …

Venous abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions.
This paper reviews the literature regarding venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the hemodyna-mics and the morphology of the
internal jugular veins using Colour-Doppler and B-mode sonongraphy in multiple sclerosis …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with a
complicated pathogenesis. Compelling evidence indicates impairment of all neurovascular …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by
stenosies of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins (IJVs-AZ) with opening of collaterals …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Aim. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular phenomenon
recently described in multiple sclerosis (MS) that is characterized by stenoses affecting the …