During the past 40 years, cytokines and cytokine receptors have been extensively
investigated as either cancer targets or cancer treatments. A strong preclinical rationale …

Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays a key role in activation of cellular immunity and
subsequently, stimulation of antitumor immune-response. Based on its cytostatic, pro …

In the last decade, the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been
revolutionized by the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) directed against …

Tumor cells constantly interact with their microenvironment, which comprises a variety of
immune cells together with endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The composition of the tumor …

The binding of T cell immune checkpoint proteins programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) to their ligands allows immune evasion by …

Purpose: VEGF is upregulated in glioblastoma and may contribute to immunosuppression.
We performed a phase II study of pembrolizumab alone or with bevacizumab in recurrent …

The era of personalized medicine for advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
began when biomarker-based evidence of molecular pathway and/or oncogene addiction of …

We concurrently examine the whole genome, transcriptome, methylome, and immune cell
infiltrates in baseline tumors from 77 patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma treated …

In a recent phase 3 randomized trial of 700 patients with advanced urothelial cancer
(JAVELIN Bladder 100; NCT02603432), avelumab/best supportive care (BSC) significantly …

Immune system can recognize self vs transformed self. That is why cancer immunotherapy
achieves notable benefits in a wide variety of cancers. Recently, several papers reported …