Genome editing (GE) has revolutionized biological research through the new ability to
precisely edit the genomes of living organisms. In recent years, various GE tools have been …

Molecular farming can be defined as the use of plants to produce recombinant protein
products. The technology is now> 30 years old. The early promise of molecular farming was …

Plant gene editing is typically performed by delivering reagents such as Cas9 and single
guide RNAs to explants in culture. Edited cells are then induced to differentiate into whole …

Successful infection by pathogenic microbes requires effective acquisition of nutrients from
their hosts. Root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is one of the most important …

Plants can be engineered to recombinantly produce high-quality proteins such as
therapeutic proteins and vaccines, also known as molecular farming. Molecular farming can …

The central dogma (CD) of molecular biology is the transfer of genetic information from DNA
to RNA to protein. Major CD processes governing genetic flow include the cell cycle, DNA …

Plants have unique advantages over other systems such as mammalian cells for the
production of valuable small molecules and proteins. The benefits cited most often include …

The market for biopharmaceuticals is dominated by recombinant proteins and is driven
mainly by the development of vaccines and antibodies. Manufacturing predominantly relies …

Plants contain numerous glycoconjugates that are metabolized by specific
glucosyltransferases and hydrolyzed by specific glycosidases, some also catalyzing …

Protein glycosylation has a huge impact on biological processes in all domains of life. The
type of glycan present on a recombinant glycoprotein depends on protein intrinsic features …