Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that has been characterized by (1)
compulsion to seek and take the drug,(2) loss of control in limiting intake, and (3) emergence …

It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced drug craving in cocaine addicts progressively
increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods …

The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two
subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 …

Stress is most often associated with aversive states. It rapidly induces the release of
hormones and neuropeptides including dynorphin, which activates kappa opioid receptors …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) manifest as chronic relapsing disorders, characterized by
compulsive drug taking despite serious adverse consequences, the loss of control over …

Signaling pathways are critical modulators of a variety of physiological and pathological
processes, and the abnormal activation of some signaling pathways can contribute to …

Epidemiological data demonstrate that while women report lower rates of drug use than
men, the number of current drug users and abusers who are women continues to increase …

Drug-evoked synaptic plasticity is observed at many synapses and may underlie
behavioural adaptations in addiction. Mechanistic investigations start with the identification …

There is a high degree of overlap between brain regions involved in processing natural
rewards and drugs of abuse.“Non-drug” or “behavioral” addictions have become …

The striatum plays a key role in mediating the acute and chronic effects of addictive drugs,
with drugs of abuse causing long-lasting molecular and cellular alterations in both dorsal …