The recognition of abundant and widespread hydrothermal activity and associated unique
life-forms on the ocean floor is one of the great scientific discoveries of the latter half of the …

Polymetallic sulfides have attracted more attentions, which are regarded as one of the
potential seabed mineral resources for their high grade of precious metal elements such as …

Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor
massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add …

Seabed fluid flow involves the flow of gases and liquids through the seabed. Such fluids
have been found to leak through the seabed into the marine environment in seas and …

The possibility of mining seafloor massive sulfide deposits has stirred debate about the
sustainable use of this new resource and whether commercial development is worth the risk …

Geodiversity of Hydrothermal Processes Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Ultramafic-Hosted
Mineralization: a New Type Of Oceanic Page 1 321 Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow …

Mankind's quest for exploration has led him to traverse from the vast expanse of outer space
down to the deepest parts of the oceans. One such discovery in the later part of the …

Sea-floor massive sulfide deposits represent a new type of base and precious metal
resources that may be exploited by future deep-sea mining operations. These deposits …

Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits form in subaqueous environments from
circulating hydrothermal fluids heated by volcanic activity. These deposits form as sulphide …

ODP drilling of the active TAG hydrothermal mound at 26° N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
provided the first insights into the third dimension of a volcanic-hosted massive sulfide …