Speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation among populations, is continuous,
complex, and involves multiple, interacting barriers. Until it is complete, the effects of this …

Visual opsin genes expressed in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina are core
components of the visual sensory system of vertebrates. Here, we provide an overview of the …

Understanding why some evolutionary lineages generate exceptionally high species
diversity is an important goal in evolutionary biology. Haplochromine cichlid fishes of Africa's …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …

Human activities have caused a near-ubiquitous and evolutionarily-unprecedented increase
in environmental sound levels and artificial night lighting. These stimuli reorganize …

Theoretically, divergent selection on sensory systems can cause speciation through sensory
drive. However, empirical evidence is rare and incomplete. Here we demonstrate sensory …

Sexual selection has a reputation as a major cause of speciation, one of the most potent
forces driving reproductive isolation. This reputation arises from observations that species …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

The visual displays of animals and plants are often colourful, and colour vision allows
animals to respond to these signals as they forage for food, choose mates and so-forth. This …

Parallel phenotypic diversification in closely related species is a rigorous framework for
testing the role of natural selection in evolution. Do parallel phenotypes always diversify by …