Abstract The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) missions opened a new
observational window in the inner heliosphere, which is finally accessible to direct …

Solar Orbiter's four in situ instruments have recorded numerous energetic electron events at
heliocentric distances between 0.5 and 1 au. We analyze energetic electron fluxes, spectra …

Context. We study the solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed on 9 October 2021 by
multiple spacecraft, including Solar Orbiter. The event was associated with an M1. 6 flare, a …

Abstract On 2022 February 15–16, multiple spacecraft measured one of the most intense
solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed so far in Solar Cycle 25. This study provides …

Context. One of the most prominent sources for energetic particles in our Solar System are
huge eruptions of magnetised plasma from the Sun, known as coronal mass ejections …

How thermal particles are accelerated to suprathermal energies is an unsolved issue,
crucial for many astrophysical systems. We report novel observations of irregular, dispersive …

We develop the kappa-tail fitting technique, which analyzes observations of power-law tails
of distributions and energy flux spectra, and connects them to theoretical modeling of kappa …

Interpreting multi-spacecraft heliospheric observations of the evolving solar wind (SW)
streams with propagating and interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is challenging …

This work analyzes the appearance of wide-spread deka-MeV solar energetic proton (SEP)
events, in particular the arrival of the first protons within≈ 4.5–45 MeV measured at Earth …

The anisotropy of energetic particles provides essential information to help resolve the
underlying fundamental physics of their spatial distributions, injection, acceleration, and …