Major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls
are effective when well managed. However, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow …

The consumption of microbiologically contaminated water poses serious threats to human
health in the form of outbreaks of severe waterborne diseases. The accurate detection and …

Background Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living ameba that causes rare, nearly always
fatal disease in humans and animals worldwide. B. mandrillaris has been isolated from soil …

Outbreak incidents raise the question of whether the less frequent aetiological agents of
outbreaks are really less frequent in water. Alternatively, waterborne transmission could be …

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa widely distributed in the environment, found in a
great diversity of terrestrial biomes. Some genera of FLA are linked to human infections. The …

Pathogenic free-living amoebae affecting the central nervous system are known to cause
granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis …

Balamuthia mandrillaris infection is a rare and fatal disease. We have recorded 28 cases of
Balamuthia mandrillaris infection during the past 20 years. Eighteen patients (64%) were …

One Health approaches are becoming increasingly necessary in the world we live in.
Human beings, animals, plants and the environment are intrinsically interconnected and …

Balamuthia mandrillaris is an opportunistic, free-living ameba that is pathogenic to humans.
It has a worldwide distribution but is mainly detected in warmer regions. Balamuthia …

Abstract Free Living Amoeba (FLA) infections caused by Acanthamoeba genus include
chronic nervous system diseases such as Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE), or a …