The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important
source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth's surface on timescales of weeks …

In the tropical stratosphere, deep layers of eastward and westward winds encircle the globe
and descend regularly from the upper stratosphere to the tropical tropopause. With a …

The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the tropospheric Madden–Julian
oscillation (MJO) are strongly linked in boreal winter. In this Review, we synthesize …

Over recent years there have been concomitant advances in the development of
stratosphere-resolving numerical models, our understanding of stratosphere–troposphere …

Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events can significantly impact tropospheric weather
for a period of several weeks, in particular in the North Atlantic–European (NAE) region …

Preindustrial control simulations with the third Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model,
run in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 of the Met Office Unified Model (HadGEM3 …

Observational and model studies suggest that the stratosphere exerts a significant influence
on the tropical troposphere. The corresponding influence, through dynamical coupling, of …

The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of tropical stratospheric winds was disrupted during the
2019/20 Northern Hemisphere winter. We show that this latest disruption to the regular QBO …

Using reanalysis, observations, and subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts, the most
recent sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in January 2021 and its predictability are …

Abstract The Quasi‐biennial Oscillation (QBO) dominates the interannual variability of the
tropical stratosphere and influences other regions of the atmosphere. The high predictability …