This article summarizes the history of how renal stones have been treated over the centuries
and reviews current treatments and outcomes for renal stones. The authors provide an …

BACKGROUND: External shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy
(PNL) have been the standard of care for the treatment of intrarenal calculi. OBJECTIVE: We …

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has become an effective and safe treatment modality
in the management of urinary system stone disease. Recent developments and innovations …

Different international associations have proposed their own guidelines on urolithiasis.
However, the focus is primarily on an overview of the principles of urolithiasis management …

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of preoperative ureteral stenting on success rates of
ureteroscopy (URS) for nephroureterolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We …

Objective To assess objective and subjective outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery
(RIRS) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for the treatment of intermediate …

Introduction: Some particularities of pyelocaliceal anatomy are described to influence the
success rate of flexible ureteroscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation …

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal
surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of renal stones and to analyze the predictive factors for …

Introduction Renal stones are common, with a lifetime prevalence of 10% in adults. Global
incidence is increasing due to increases in obesity and diabetes, with these patient …

Purpose Ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) is gaining popularity for the management of ureteral
stones and even renal stones, with high efficacy and minimal invasiveness. Although this …