Indonesia's ormas laskar (social organisation militia) have always been a source of concern
in Indonesia, and FPI (Front Pembela Islam—The Islamic Defenders Front) is particularly …

Studies have documented how ethnic and religious sentiments shape the voting behavior of
Indonesian Muslims. However, to date no studies have carefully measured the relative …

Several developed countries opposed general elections due to the COVID-19 pandemic,
which resulted in decreases in voter turnout from 66–73.8%. Similarly, simultaneous …

This article investigates how and when regime transitions intensify minority discrimination
through an analysis of two types of religious persecution following the Arab uprisings. We …

Strengthening religious identity politics can be identified as one of the main factors
contributing to the decline in religious freedom in Indonesia. While religious identity politics …

We investigate the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on frequency of online search on mental
well-being and religiosity-related terms in Indonesia using high-frequency data from Google …

This chapter provides an analysis of Indonesia's post-Suharto democratization era and the
role of Islam and Islamism in politics. We begin by exploring the economic and political …

The dominance of Islamism in West Sumatra has increasingly strengthened in the post-
decentralization period, primarily through the implementation of regional government …

Religious freedom has various interpretations in practice, although the rule of law regulates
this right. In many cases, freedom of religion is closely related to human rights and security …

This chapter examines digital authoritarianism in Indonesia, a nation with a cohort of
religiously, economically, and culturally diverse populations of 280 million people. The …