Introduction. Acute bacterial meningitis remains a common disease, especially in
developing countries. Although advances over the last century have improved mortality and …

Autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system such as
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) and aquaporin …

Background There has been a great deal of evidence indicating that cytokines participate in
meningeal inflammation. Different cytokine profiles may be presented in central nervous …

Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria can be characterized into over 90 serotypes according
to the composition of their polysaccharide capsules. Some serotypes are common in …

Objective To evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and immune characteristics of Zika virus (ZIKV)-
associated encephalitis in pediatric patients after the epidemic in Huila, southern Colombia …

Differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (BM) and viral meningitis (VM) is a critical
clinical challenge, as the early and accurate identification of the causative agent determines …

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes life-threatening meningitis. Its capsular polysaccharide
determines the serotype and influences disease severity but the mechanism is largely …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement is frequently complicated by
bacterial infection. Shunt infection diagnosis relies on bacterial culture of CSF which can …

Objective Intracranial infection is a common complication after neurosurgery and can
increase the length of hospital stay, affect patient prognosis, and increase mortality. We …

Staphylococcus epidermidis cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection is a common
complication of hydrocephalus treatment, creating grave neurological consequences for …