Toe walking can occur because of an underlying anatomic or neuromuscular condition, but
in the majority of cases toe walking is idiopathic, without a discernable underlying cause. For …

Background Idiopathic toe walking is a diagnosis of exclusion characterized by a persistent
toe–toe gait pattern after three years of age. Treatment for toe walking includes physical …

Normal development is not an exact science. Children progress in a variety of ways without
falling outside the normal range. This applies to the shape of their legs and feet, as well as …

Purpose This study quantified toe-walking trends and treatment decisions in patients with
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States between 2005 and 2016 using a large …

Background The lack of consensus regarding optimal nonoperative management of
idiopathic toe walking (ITW) results in wide variation in treatment across providers and …

Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional effects on gait
parameters of serial ankle casts for patients with idiopathic toe walking (ITW), in comparison …

Background: Toe walking is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Correction of
this “behavior” is a health challenge. The toe walker is affected by the contact refusal with …

Objective To understand parent journeys while navigating diagnosis, assessment or
treatment of their children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW). Design Mixed methods …

Toe walking is relatively common among children with autism spectrum disorder and, if
untreated, can contribute to a number of medical problems. Previous research has …

Idiopathic toe-walking (ITW) refers to persistent walking without heel contact for unknown
reasons. An underexplored area is the relationship of sensory processing to ITW. This study …