Microbial cells (ie, bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of
large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply …

Calcium carbonate represents a large portion of carbon reservoir and is used commercially
for a variety of applications. Microbial carbonate precipitation, a by-product of microbial …

Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …

Microbial mats are ecosystems that arguably greatly affected the conditions of the biosphere
on Earth through geological time. These laminated organosedimentary systems, which date …

Seabed fluid flow involves the flow of gases and liquids through the seabed. Such fluids
have been found to leak through the seabed into the marine environment in seas and …

Microbial Geotechnology is a new branch of geotechnical engineering that deals with the
applications of microbiological methods to geological materials used in engineering. The …

Dissimilatory sulphate reduction is the unifying and defining trait of sulphate-reducing
prokaryotes (SRP). In their predominant habitats, sulphate-rich marine sediments, SRP have …

Chlorophylls are essential for light-harvesting and energy transduction in photosynthesis.
Four chemically distinct varieties have been known for the past 60 years. Here we report …

Intertidal marine systems are highly dynamic systems which are characterized by periodic
fluctuations in environmental parameters. Microbial processes play critical roles in the …

Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) result from the response of microbial
mats to physical sediment dynamics. MISS are cosmopolitan and found in many modern …