Metallic implants have the disadvantage of being insufficiently biologically active despite
their good mechanical properties and general affordability. Therefore, their bone growth at …

Methods for depositing thin films are important in generating functional materials for diverse
applications in a wide variety of fields. Over the last half-century, the layer-by-layer assembly …

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of thin films has
been of considerable interest because of its ability to exert nanometer control over film …

Fabrication of active PET films assembled with antimicrobial chitosan and alginate coatings
incorporating black cumin oil (BCO) was performed by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique and …

In recent years, chitosan-based biomaterials have been continually and extensively
researched by using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, due to their potentials in biomedicine …

The fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL)
method is one of the most versatile approaches for manufacturing functional surfaces. This is …

It was a physicist, Wolfgang Pauli, who recognized a century ago that “God made the bulk;
the surface was invented by the devil.” And indeed, adjusting the surface properties of …

Metallic implants have dominated the biomedical implant industries for the past century for
load-bearing applications, while the polymeric implants have shown great promise for tissue …

Advanced biomaterials designed for tissue engineering are mostly precise polymers with
well-controlled surface and bulk properties. The need for extremely specific biomaterials …

Nanoarchitectonics, like architectonics, allows the design and building of structures, but at
the nanoscale. Unlike those in architectonics, and even macro-, micro-, and atomic-scale …