Reversal learning paradigms are among the most widely used tests of cognitive flexibility
and have been used as assays, across species, for altered cognitive processes in a host of …

The resurgence of interest in anhedonia within major depression has been fuelled by
clinical trials demonstrating its utility in predicting antidepressant response as well as recent …

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

In the long-term, with progression of the illness, Parkinson's disease dementia affects up to
90% of patients with Parkinson's disease. With increasing life expectancy in western …

Reinforcement learning and decision-making (RLDM) provide a quantitative framework and
computational theories with which we can disentangle psychiatric conditions into the basic …

Executive dysfunction can be present from the early stages of P arkinson's disease (PD). It is
characterized by deficits in internal control of attention, set shifting, planning, inhibitory …

Research into the heterogeneous nature of cognitive impairment documented in patients
with Parkinson's disease (PD) has focused on disentangling deficits that vary between …

Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is gaining increased clinical
significance owing to the relative success of therapeutic approaches to the motor symptoms …

A dopaminergic deficiency in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) causes abnormalities of
movement, behaviour, learning, and emotions. The main motor features (ie, tremor, rigidity …

To what extent do we learn from the positive versus negative outcomes of our decisions?
The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes …