Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used as active
components of biopesticides and as plant incorporated protectants in transgenic crops. One …

Immune priming has now been demonstrated in a wide range of invertebrate species.
Studies testing this phenomenon largely differ in terms of experimental design, host …

Memory and specificity are hallmarks of the adaptive immune system. Contrary to prior
belief, innate immune systems can also provide forms of immune memory, such as immune …

Background The phenomenon of immune priming, ie enhanced protection following a
secondary exposure to a pathogen, has now been demonstrated in a wide range of …

Animals are inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms. The relevance of such
microbiota is increasingly being recognized across a broad spectrum of species, ranging …

Efficacy of different doses of the Beauveria bassiana-IRAN441C alone (66,125, 250, 500,
1000 mg conidia. Kg− 1 grains) and combined with a low-lethal dose (LD 25) of …

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is the most common coleopteran pest that infests
different kinds of stored grains and flours. Under natural conditions, T. castaneum adults …

The use of herbicides and their long persistence in the environment have raised concerns
about potential harm to ecosystems and human health. However, there is a gap in the …

It is now well-established that the microbiome is relevant for many of an organism's
properties and that its composition reacts dynamically to various conditions. The microbiome …

Toxins are a major virulence factor produced by many pathogenic bacteria. In vertebrates,
the response of hosts to the bacteria is inseparable from the response to the toxins, allowing …