Insulin therapy is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels for people with type 1 diabetes
and commonly used in advanced type 2 diabetes. Although subcutaneous insulin …

Introduction: Transdermal delivery has potential advantages over other routes of
administration. It could reduce first-pass metabolism associated with oral delivery and is less …

Peptide and protein drugs (PPDs) that possess the advantages of high specificity and
tolerance, and low immunogenicity can effectively treat diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, and …

Cell electrofusion in microfluidic devices attracted great attention in recent years due to its
widespread applications potential in cell-based studies. In these microfluidic devices, many …

Since the approval of first transdermal patch (Transderm Scop®) containing scopolamine in
1979, the improvement in systemic drug delivery through skin remains incremental. The …

The need for portable and low-cost bio-impedance analyzers that can be deployed in field
studies has significantly increased. Due to size and power constraints, reducing the …

Tissue nanotransfection (TNT), a cutting-edge technique of in vivo gene therapy, has gained
substantial attention in various applications ranging from in vivo tissue reprogramming in …

Cancer cell–immune cell hybrids and cancer immunotherapy have attracted much attention
in recent years. The design of efficient cell pairing and fusion chips for hybridoma generation …

A new cell electrofusion microfluidic chip with 19,000 pairs of micro-cavity structures
patterned on vertical sidewalls of a serpentine-shaped microchannel has been designed …

Cell electro-fusion includes four steps, cell alignment, cell electroporation, reconstruction of
cytomembrane and cytoplasm exchange. The cell alignment and electroporation steps are …