Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors formed most
frequently from epithelial cells of the larynx, lips, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and mouth …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes
including growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. As such, dysregulation of RTK …

RUNX proteins belong to a family of metazoan transcription factors that serve as master
regulators of development. They are frequently deregulated in human cancers, indicating a …

MicroRNA miR-34a is recognized as a master regulator of tumor suppression. The strategy
of miR-34a replacement has been investigated in clinical trials as the first attempt of miRNA …

Mutations of the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene (RB1) or components regulating
the RB pathway have been identified in almost every human malignancy. The E2F …

Hypoxia is commonly found in cancers. Hypoxia, due to the lack of oxygen (O2) as the
electron recipient, causes inefficient electron transfer through the electron transport chain at …

Inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes by homozygous deletion is a prototypic event in the
cancer genome, yet such deletions often encompass neighbouring genes. We propose that …

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by
binding to the three untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. Deregulations of miRs were …

The mir-34 family was originally cloned and characterized in 2007 as a p53 target gene.
Almost immediately it became clear that its major role is as a master regulator of tumor …

ARID1A has emerged as a tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in a broad spectrum of
cancers, especially in those arising from ectopic or eutopic endometrium. As a subunit of …