Rapid urbanization has increased the demand for food, feed, and chemicals that have in
turn augmented the use of fossil-based resources and generation of organic waste. Owning …

Acetate is regarded as a promising carbon feedstock in biological production owing to its
possible derivation from C 1 gases such as CO, CO 2 and methane. To best use of acetate …

Balanced utilization of metabolic intermediates and controllable expression of genes in
biosynthetic pathways are key issues for the effective production of value-added chemicals …

Organic acids, which are chemically synthesized, are also natural intermediates in the
metabolic pathways of microorganisms, among which the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is …

Chemical synthesis is a well established route for producing many chemicals on a large
scale, but some drawbacks still exist in this process, such as unstable intermediates …

Synthetic biology is a new interdisciplinary research area that uses engineering principles
as guidelines for biological investigation. With research goals to modify existing biological …

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important platform organism for the synthesis of a great
number of natural products. However, the assembly of controllable and genetically stable …

Energy demand is continuously increasing, due to rapid growth accompanying the
development of population and industrialization. Because of the fossil sources are not …

Investigation of essential genes, besides contributing to understanding the fundamental
principles of life, has numerous practical applications. Essential genes can be exploited as …

Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource which can be
converted to bulk chemicals to replace petrochemicals. Carboxylic acids have wide …