BACKGROUND Living cells contain distinct subcompartments to facilitate spatiotemporal
regulation of biological reactions. In addition to canonical membrane-bound organelles such …

All soluble proteins populate conformational ensembles that together constitute the native
state. Their fluctuations in water are intrinsic thermodynamic phenomena, and the …

The Phospho. ELM resource (http://phospho. elm. eu. org) is a relational database designed
to store in vivo and in vitro phosphorylation data extracted from the scientific literature and …

It has become customary to conceptualize the living cell as an intricate piece of machinery,
different to a man-made machine only in terms of its superior complexity. This familiar …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important mechanism enabling the dynamic
compartmentalization of macromolecules, including complex polymers such as proteins and …

The theory that oxidative stress (OS) is at the root of several diseases is extremely popular.
However, so far, no antioxidant has been recommended or offered by healthcare systems …

Linear motifs are short segments of multidomain proteins that provide regulatory functions
independently of protein tertiary structure. Much of intracellular signalling passes through …

Motivation Smoldyn is a spatial and stochastic biochemical simulator. It treats each molecule
of interest as an individual particle in continuous space, simulating molecular diffusion …

Noise caused by stochastic fluctuations in genetic circuits (transcription and translation) is
now appreciated as a central aspect of cell function and phenotypic behavior. Noise has …

Cell signalling—the ability of a cell to process information from the environment and change
its behaviour in response—is a central property of life. Signalling depends on proteins that …