Objective To inform international research and policy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the
experimental literature on pictorial cigarette pack warnings. Data sources We systematically …

Objectives Cigarette pack warnings are a tobacco control strategy used globally. To
understand their impact, we systematically reviewed longitudinal observational studies …

Importance Pictorial warnings on cigarette packs draw attention and increase quit intentions,
but their effect on smoking behavior remains uncertain. Objective To assess the effect of …

Objective Observational research suggests that placing graphic images on cigarette warning
labels can reduce smoking rates, but field studies lack experimental control. Our primary …

Background Our randomized trial found that pictorial cigarette pack warnings elicited more
quit attempts than text-only warnings. Purpose In the current study, we sought to identify …

Background We assessed whether the Australian plain packs with larger graphic health
warnings (GHWs) achieved three specific objectives of reducing the appeal of tobacco …

Recent developments in stress theory have emphasized the significance of perseverative
cognition (worry and rumination) in furthering our understanding of stress-disease …

Objective Pictorial warnings on cigarette packs increase motivation to quit smoking. We
sought to examine the potential mediating role of negative affect, message reactance (ie, an …

Background A prevailing hypothesis is that health warnings for electronic cigarettes (e-
cigarettes) could drive people away from vaping and towards smoking cigarettes. We …

Background Health warnings may be less effective if they elicit reactance, a motivation to
resist a threat to freedom, yet we lack a standard measure of reactance. Purpose We sought …