In the natural environment, plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stress
conditions that trigger rapid changes in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen …

Oxygen is a natural acceptor of electrons in the respiratory pathway of aerobic organisms
and in many other biochemical reactions. Aerobic metabolism is always associated with the …

Photosynthesis is a high-rate redox metabolic process that is subjected to rapid changes in
input parameters, particularly light. Rapid transients of photon capture, electron fluxes, and …

DNA topoisomerases, capable of manipulating DNA topology, are ubiquitous and
indispensable for cellular survival due to the numerous roles they play during DNA …

As plants are sessile organisms that have to attune their physiology and morphology
continuously to varying environmental challenges in order to survive and reproduce, they …

The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor, communicating with the cell during
biogenesis and operation to change the expression of thousands of proteins. This process …

Highlights•ROS production is strictly regulated and integrated with other signaling networks
in plants.•Calcium has a critical role in ROS signaling and the control of ROS production.• …

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different plant subcellular compartments
is the hallmark of the response to many stress stimuli and developmental cues. The past two …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a ubiquitous genetically regulated process consisting in an
activation of finely controlled signaling pathways that lead to cellular suicide. Although some …

The chloroplast is a complex cellular organelle that not only performs photosynthesis but
also synthesizes amino acids, lipids, and phytohormones. Nuclear and chloroplast genetic …