Although an existing body of research has shown that citizens' protest and the formation of
social movements are less likely to emerge in conditions of economic recession, there is …

The recent economic crisis has created momentum for party system change in most
European democracies. While Portugal has shown more predictable patterns of interparty …

Many European countries have witnessed the rise of right-wing (nativist and authoritarian)
populist parties over the last few years, which have gained significant votes and sometimes …

Portuguese democracy is a relevant case for comparison, because expert and non-partisan
ministers (usually described as 'the independents') are to be found in large numbers. This …

In this chapter, the results of the country cases are systematically compared in light of the
hypotheses put forward in the introductory chapter. First of all, we assess in each country the …

This article aims to explain the variation in the electoral support for extreme-right parties
(ERPs) in Europe. The extant literature on the far-right party family does not answer this …

This book explores the factors that might explain why some of the changes occurring in other
Southern European democracies as an impact of the crisis have not been felt in Portugal …

Although an existing body of research has shown that citizens' protest and the formation of
social movements are unlikely to emerge in conditions of economic recession, there is also …

Ana Maria Belchior is an assistant professor, with aggregation, at the Department of Political
Science and Public Policies at ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon, and a researcher at CIES/ISCTE-IUL. She …

Executive functions in modern democracies have been traditionally entrusted to elected
representatives with a party membership, and the most important appointments political …