A strong and hard hanging roof causes high underground stress in underground mines,
leading to rock burst, coal and gas outburst, or large deformations in roadways. To address …

Strong strata behavior such as significant deformation and rock burst often occur in gob-side
entry of longwall panel under hard roof, which affects the safe and efficient mining of coal …

With hard roof conditions and the influence of side and front abutment pressures, pressure
bump and large deformations periodically occur in the advanced support area of longwall …

Roof management in coal mines is a critical technology challenge to realize safe production.
Dynamic disasters can be induced by a sudden collapse of the roof when encountering a …

After mining the upper-goaf side, large coal pillars and part of hard roof exposed above the
pillars remain. The hard roof can significantly deform the roadway by transferring high stress …

Concerning the issue of mine pressure behaviors occurred in fully mechanized caving
mining of thick coal seams beneath hard stratum in Datong Mining Area, combined with thin …

Majority of the developed Indian coal seams are lying under strong and massive overlying
strata. Depth of cover of these coal seams, standing on pillars, varies from 50 to 500 m …

While the fully-mechanized longwall mining technology was employed in a shallow seam
under a room mining goaf and overlained by thin bedrock and thick loose sands, the …

The weakening of hard coal–rock mass is the core common problem that is involved in the
top coal weakening in hard and thick coal seams, the hard roof control during the initial …

Hanging roofs can occur on a very large scale (generally can reach 15,000 m 2) during the
initial mining stages in longwall coal mining operations and are often a result of hard roof at …