A defining property of retroviruses is their ability to assemble into particles that can leave
producer cells and spread infection to susceptible cells and hosts. Virion morphogenesis …

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins play an essential role in the virus replication cycle
by mediating the fusion between viral and cellular membranes during the entry process. The …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) mediates
viral entry into cells and is critical for vaccine development against coronavirus disease …

Viral infections spread based on the ability of viruses to overcome multiple barriers and
move from cell to cell, tissue to tissue, and person to person and even across species. While …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs)
harbor mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein that confer more efficient transmission and …

The life cycle of most viruses involves the release of particles into the extracellular space.
Consequently, the study of virus egress as well as virus entry has focused almost exclusively …

We have developed an efficient method to quantify cell-to-cell infection with single-cycle,
replication dependent reporter vectors. This system was used to examine the mechanisms of …

The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-
retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products …

Virus transmission can occur either by a cell-free mode through the extracellular space or by
cell-to-cell transmission involving direct cell-to-cell contact. The factors that determine …

The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell
lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in …