Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), mainly present in immune cells, epithelial cells, and brain
cells, manifests as an intracellular non-receptor enzyme that modulates inflammation and …

The presence of symptom clusters, regional differences in disease expression and
similarities with, for example, Crohn's disease suggest multiple pathological pathways are …

Several new treatment modalities with different mechanisms of action have been studied in
patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS). The aim of the current effort was to update the …

The two tandem bromodomains of the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal domain)
proteins enable chromatin binding to facilitate transcription. Drugs that inhibit both …

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology
characterized by recurrent episodes of oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions …

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory multisystem disease of unknown
etiology. Oral ulcers, genital ulcers, cutaneous lesions, and ocular and articular involvement …

The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities of oral selective phosphodiesterase
4 (PDE4) inhibitors enabled the approval of roflumilast and apremilast for use in chronic …

The fields of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) have advanced
rapidly, resulting in a new understanding of these diseases. Fast-track strategies and …

Behçet's disease, also known as the Silk Road Disease, is a rare systemic vasculitis
disorder of unknown etiology. Recurrent attacks of acute inflammation characterize Behçet's …

Background The small-molecule phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast modulates
cytokines that are up-regulated in Behçet's syndrome. In a phase 2 trial involving patients …