A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces.
Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host …

Staphylococcus aureus is a member of the human commensal microflora that exists,
apparently benignly, at multiple sites on the host. However, as an opportunist pathogen it …

The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including
trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous …

Micronutrient homeostasis is a key factor in maintaining a healthy immune system. Zinc is an
essential micronutrient that is involved in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune …

It is generally regarded that the progression of an infection within host macrophages is the
consequence of a failed immune response. However, recent appreciation of macrophage …

Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria,
metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals …

The gut microbiota has diverse and essential roles in host metabolism, development of the
immune system and as resistance to pathogen colonization. Perturbations of the gut …

Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria
including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), M ycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the …

Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including
anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are …

MT1 has been demonstrated to be an essential stress protein in maintaining physiological
balance and regulating immune homeostasis. While the immunological involvement of MT1 …