Background Mycophenolate is increasingly being used in the rheumatic diseases. Its main
adverse effects are gastrointestinal, myelosuppression, and infection. These may limit use in …

Articular and tendon involvement in SSc is defined by the occurrence of synovitis, arthralgia,
and joint contractures, often accompanied by TFRs. 1–12 These manifestations are more …

Musculoskeletal (MSK) involvement is a very frequent manifestation of patients with systemic
sclerosis (SSc). There are several reports about clinical trials assessing musculoskeletal …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by chronic
inflammation and fibrosis of the skin, vascular abnormalities and variable involvement of …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by skin and
visceral fibrosis, vascular hyperreactivity and obliterative vasculopathy. Some of its …

Musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) include articular
involvement (arthralgia, synovitis, contractures), which is often an early phenomenon and …

Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are synthetic molecules that have a range of biological effects,
including antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory, and they may represent a promising therapeutic …

Juvenile-onset systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is a rare autoimmune condition with inflammation-
driven fibrosis, accounting for less than 10% of all SSc cases, with an estimated annual …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease
characterized by vasculopathy, inflammation and fibrosis. These three main disease …

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to produce the biologically active
lipid ceramide. Previous studies have implicated ASM in the induction of the chemokine …