The formation of the first stars and quasars marks the transformation of the universe from its
smooth initial state to its clumpy current state. In popular cosmological models, the first …

▪ Abstract Cosmic structure has formed as a result of gravitational amplification of primordial
density fluctuations together with the action of other physical processes (adiabatic gas …

How quasars powered by supermassive black holes formed less than a billion years after
the Big Bang is still one of the outstanding problems in astrophysics, 20 years after their …

This paper describes the open-source code Enzo, which uses block-structured adaptive
mesh refinement to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for modeling astrophysical …

We present the grackle chemistry and cooling library for astrophysical simulations and
models. grackle provides a treatment of non-equilibrium primordial chemistry and cooling for …

Starlight from galaxies plays a pivotal role throughout the process of cosmic reionization. We
present the statistics of dwarf galaxy properties at z> 7 in haloes with masses up to 109 M⊙ …

The fraction of hydrogen ionizing photons escaping from galaxies into the intergalactic
medium is a critical ingredient in the theory of reionization. We use two zoomed-in, high …

We describe results from a fully self-consistent three-dimensional hydrodynamical
simulation of the formation of one of the first stars in the Universe. In current models of …

To constrain the nature of the very first stars, we investigate the collapse and fragmentation
of primordial, metal-free gas clouds. We explore the physics of primordial star formation by …

By definition, Population III stars are metal-free, and their protostellar collapse is driven by
molecular hydrogen cooling in the gas phase, leading to large characteristic masses …