Despite being nutrient rich, the tissues and fluids of vertebrates are hostile to
microorganisms, and most bacteria that attempt to take advantage of this environment are …

The σE, Cpx and Bae envelope stress responses of Escherichia coli are involved in the
maintenance, adaptation and protection of the bacterial envelope in response to a variety of …

The principles underlying the assembly and structure of complex microbial communities are
an issue of long-standing concern to the field of microbial ecology. We previously analyzed …

The bacterial envelope stress response (ESR) is triggered by the accumulation of misfolded
outer membrane proteins (OMPs) upon envelope damage or excessive OMP synthesis, and …

Enteric bacteria respond to misfolded proteins by activating the transcription of “heat shock”
genes. These genes are arranged in two major regulons controlled by the alternative sigma …

The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica is exposed to a number of stressful environments
during its life cycle within and outside its various hosts. During intestinal colonisation …

Since the initial discovery of universal stress protein A (UspA) 25 years ago, remarkable
advances in molecular and biochemical technologies have revolutionized our …

ABSTRACT The CpxAR (Cpx) two-component regulator controls the expression of genes in
response to a variety of environmental cues. The Cpx regulator has been implicated in the …

Hierarchical interactions between alternative sigma factors control sequential gene
expression in Gram‐positive bacteria, whereas alternative sigma factors in Gram‐negative …

Gene regulation by small non-coding RNAs has been recognized as an important post-
transcriptional regulatory mechanism for several years. In Gram-negative bacteria such as …