It is very likely that the human immune system will be altered in astronauts exposed to the
conditions of long-term space flight: isolation, containment, microgravity, radiation, microbial …

To date, several hundred cosmonauts and astronauts have flown in space, yet knowledge
about the adaptation of their immune system to space flight is rather limited. It is evident that …

Cultures of human lymphocytes exposed in microgravity to the mitogen concanavalin A
showed less than 3 percent of the activation of ground controls. This result supports the …

Athletes, military personnel, fire fighters, mountaineers and astronauts may be required to
perform in environmental extremes (eg heat, cold, high altitude and microgravity). Exercising …

The cell-mediated immune (CMI) mechanism was evaluated in 10 space shuttle astronauts
by measuring their delayed-type hypersensitivity response to seven common recall …

In the process of exploring space, the astronaut's body undergoes a series of physiological
changes. At the level of cellular behavior, microgravity causes significant alterations …

Space flight and models that created conditions similar to those that occur during space
flight have been shown to affect a variety of immunological responses. These have primarily …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the behavior of lymphocytes and related cells
cultured in microgravity. It discusses the experiments conducted in hypergravity in …

The activation by concanavalin A Con A of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in
the presence of monocytes as accessory cells was investigated in cultures exposed to …

Over twenty years of spaceflight have demonstrated that man can easily survive and work in
weightless conditions. However, a number of physiological changes may affect crew …