Renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of
injuries including hypoxia, proteinuria, toxins, metabolic disorders, and senescence. It has …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a very complex and multifactorial metabolic disease
characterized by insulin resistance and β cell failure leading to elevated blood glucose …

Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes–the epithelial to
mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse the mesenchymal to epithelial transition …

Diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality is predominantly due to complications of the
disease that may cause debilitating conditions, such as heart and renal failure, hepatic …

The prevalence of diabetes has dramatically increased worldwide due to the vast increase
in the obesity rate. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of type 1 and type …

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which differentiated
epithelial cells undergo a phenotypic conversion that gives rise to the matrix-producing …

Synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the glomerulus and interstitium
characterizes renal fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are incompletely …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key
members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney …

The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most serious complications in
diabetic patients and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, is complex …