Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-
cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for …

Astrocytes play important roles in numerous central nervous system disorders including
autoimmune inflammatory, hypoxic, and degenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis …

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are abundant cell types found in the central
nervous system and have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating both normal and …

Midbrain dopamine neurons deteriorate in Parkinson's disease (PD) that is a progressive
neurodegenerative movement disorder. No cure is available that would stop the …

In cells experiencing unrelieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the ER transmembrane
kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase)—IRE1α—endonucleolytically degrades ER-localized …

INTRODUCTION Regenerative therapies based on cell replacement hold promise for the
treatment of a range of age-related degenerative diseases but are limited by unfavorable …

With the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus over recent decades, more patients suffered
from various diabetic complications, including diabetic ocular surface diseases that may …

Insulin gene mutations are a leading cause of neonatal diabetes. They can lead to
proinsulin misfolding and its retention in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This results in …

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived
neurotrophic factor (MANF) promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons which …

Conclusions An elevated FLI (≥ 60) is a risk factor for all‐cause mortality in HIV–HCV‐
coinfected patients independently of liver fibrosis and HCV cure. In the present era of nearly …