Background: Intrathecal immunoglobulin-G synthesis is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis
(MS), which can be detected by oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) or by κ-free light chains (κ …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune mediated demyelinating disease leading to
neurological disabilities that need to be diagnosed and treated early. Guidelines on multiple …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of utmost importance for diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). Evidence of intrathecal …

Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands (OCBs) are a useful diagnostic tool to detect a
central humoral response. In particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted OCBs represent …

Intrathecal production of kappa free light chains occurs in multiple sclerosis and can be
measured using the kappa free light chain index. Kappa free light chain index values can be …

Background and Objectives Kappa free light chains (KFLC) seem to efficiently diagnose MS.
However, extensive cohort studies are lacking to establish consensus cut-offs, notably to …

Accurate interpretation of a patient's clinical presentation and radiologic studies,
accompanied by knowledgeable and thoughtful application of the 2017 revised McDonald …

Objective To determine and validate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) κ (KCSF) value statistically
comparable to detection of CSF-specific oligoclonal bands (OCB) to support the diagnosis of …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) free light chains (FLC) may be an alternative biomarker to
oligoclonal bands (OCB) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Herein, we compared the diagnostic …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system
that shows a high interindividual heterogeneity, which frequently poses challenges …