Cacao (Theobroma cacao), one of the most important tropical crops, is responsible for a
multibillion-dollar confectionary trade. It originated in the neotropics, but most production …

CONTEXT Cocoa is an important commodity crop and source of income for millions of small-
holder farmers. Nonetheless, questions on cocoa tree functioning, best management …

Cacao agroforestry systems (CAFS) can provide supporting services such as optimum light
conditions for cacao growth, water and nutrient cycling and regulating services such as pest …

Pests and diseases threaten cacao production worldwide. Agroforestry systems are
traditionally seen by farmers as one of the causes of increased pest and disease incidence …

In African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao black pod disease caused by
Phytophthora megakarya is a priority. Introducing biological control agents as part of a P …

The average weight of cocoa beans is not generally taken into account during breeding
processes, although it is a trait of interest. Several studies indicate that the weight of the …

The suboptimal productivity in cocoa farmers' fields, particularly those of small-holders who
produce over 80% of the global supply, and the demand for cocoa that meets stringent …

The current expansion of cacao cultivation in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire is associated with
deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and high greenhouse gas (GHG) …

Agriculture generates 11.4 billion tons of biomass worldwide, including residues from crop
production and industrial processing. Improper disposal of agricultural residues results in …

This chapter discusses the advances in biological control of cacao diseases over the last 15
years. Most attention has been focused on biological control of frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora …