With aging, there is increased dysfunction of both innate and adaptive immune responses,
which contributes to impaired immune responses to pathogens and greater mortality and …

The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in
bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate …

Constitutive heterochromatin is responsible for genome repression of DNA enriched in
repetitive sequences, telomeres, and centromeres. During physiological and pathological …

In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to prolonged antigen stimulation,
resulting in loss of function (or exhaustion) and impairment of effective immunological …

Our defenses against infection rely on the ability of the immune system to distinguish
invading pathogens from self. This task is exceptionally challenging, if not seemingly …

Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that can move within the genome and integrate in
new genomic locations. They are widespread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and can …

Summary Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) comprises 17% of the human
genome, continuously generates genetic variations, and causes disease in certain cases …

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed throughout the genome and provide regulatory
inputs to gene expression through their interaction with chromatin. Yet, the genomic targets …

Abstract Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is a cytoplasmic component of the miRNA pathway, with
essential roles in development and disease. Yet little is known about its regulation in vivo …

Therapeutic applications of synthetic mRNA were proposed more than 30 years ago, and
are currently the basis of one of the vaccine platforms used at a massive scale as part of the …