Biologically active substances are expressed by cells within the periodontium in response to
mechanical stimuli from orthodontic appliances. Several possible biomarkers representing …

Background: The analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be an acceptable way to
examine the ongoing biochemical processes associated with bone turnover during …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and monocyte chemoattractants are key modulators of
the biological mechanisms triggered in the periodontium by mechanical forces. The gingival …

Relapse after orthodontic treatment occurs at a rate of about 70 to 90%, and this
phenomenon is an orthodontic issue that has not yet been resolved. Retention devices are …

During application of controlled orthodontic force on teeth, remodeling of the periodontal
ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone takes place. Orthodontic forces induce a multifaceted …

Background The aim of this study was to measure forces created by progressive mandibular
advancement with an oral device, during natural sleep, in a sample of adult patients with …

Objective: Orthodontic force application releases multiple enzymes in gingival crevicular
fluid (GCF) for activation, resorption, reversal, deposition of osseous elements and …

Orthodontic force elicits a biological response in the tissues surrounding the teeth, resulting
in remodeling of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. The force-induced tissue …

Background The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of gingival crevicular
fluid (GCF) bone turnover markers (BTMs) concerning the physiology of orthodontic tooth …

Background External apical root resorption (EARR), an unwanted sequela of orthodontic
treatment, is difficult to diagnose radiographically. Hence, the current scoping review was …