Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that
activates neurons via generation of brief pulses of high-intensity magnetic field. If these …

INTRODUCTION Astrocytes support neuronal function throughout the central nervous
system. In the gray matter, they regulate synapse number during development, remove …

Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell
perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are …

“Funny”(f-) channels have a key role in generation of spontaneous activity of pacemaker
cells and mediate autonomic control of cardiac rate; f-channels and the related neuronal h …

Previous pharmacological studies have implicated dopamine as a modulator of olfactory
bulb processing. Several disorders characterized by altered dopamine homeostasis in …

Through the use of proboscis-extension reflex conditioning, we demonstrate that honey
bees (Apis mellifera L.) bred for hygienic behavior (a behavioral mechanism of disease …

Octopus cells in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus of mammals detect the coincidence of
synchronous firing in populations of auditory nerve fibers and convey the timing of that …

The terminal nerve is an anterior cranial nerve that innervates the lamina propria of the
chemosensory epithelia of the nasal cavity. The function of the terminal nerve is ambiguous …

The number of identified growth factors continues to increase rapidly with many being
implicated in the development of the nervous system, although for most of them the …

The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a significant component of the systems that underlie certain
forms of memory formation and recall. Evidence has been emerging that the dopaminergic …