Nonclinical testing has served as a foundation for evaluating potential risks and
effectiveness of investigational new drugs in humans. However, the current two‐dimensional …

Glucuronidation and sulfation are the most typical phase II metabolic reactions of drugs. The
resulting glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are generally considered inactive and safe …

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical
sciences. The nature of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and PK …

Microphysiological systems (MPS) consisting of multiple linked organ-on-a-chip (OoC)
components are highly promising tools with potential to provide more relevant in vitro to in …

The availability of assays that predict the contribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism
allows for the design of new chemical entities (NCEs) with minimal oxidative metabolism …

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) arising from the perturbation of drug metabolising enzyme
activities represent both a clinical problem and a potential economic loss for the …

A reliable translation of in vitro and preclinical data on drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to humans is important for safe and effective drug …

Mathematical models, such as physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models, are used to
predict, for example, drug disposition and toxicity. However, populations differ in the …

Most drugs are administered to children orally. An information gap remains on the protein
abundance of small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters …

The intestinal epithelium represents a natural barrier against harmful xenobiotics, while
facilitating the uptake of nutrients and other substances. Understanding the interaction of …