The pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been well-studied
in the past decade, but effective approaches to prevent and treat this disease are limited …

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of
blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence …

There is an unmet need for effective treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in
patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Until recently, attention in …

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger,
mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is …

It has been demonstrated that the anti-oxidative and cardioprotective effects of melatonin
are, at least in part, mediated by its membrane receptors. However, the direct downstream …

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisted of 11 subtypes (PDE1 to PDE11) and over 40
isoforms that regulate levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic …

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently a preeminent
challenge for cardiovascular medicine. It has a poor prognosis, increasing mortality, and is …

Background and Aims Hepatic cardiomyopathy, a special type of heart failure, develops in
up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and is a major determinant of survival. However, there is …

Objective This study sought to determine whether patients with heart failure and reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have similar reverse cardiac …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous disorder
developing from multiple aetiologies with overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms …