Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a common type of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic
inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects spine joints, causing severe, chronic …

Background There is a common perception that smoking generally helps people to manage
stress, and may be a form of'self‐medication'in people with mental health conditions …

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with a variety of gut microbiotas. We aim
to analyze the causal relationship between the two at the genetic level. Methods: Mendelian …

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory
disease that leads to bone hyperplasia and spinal ankylosis. Iron homeostasis plays a very …

Tobacco smoking is a major threat to health. There is no doubt about the need to promote
and support cessation at every opportunity. Smoking has a clear role in RA, but what …

Smoking is closely associated with the development of various cancers and tobacco-related
illnesses such as cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. However, data are scarce on the …

Background Chronic inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) affect 1% to 2% of the population in
developed countries. IJDs include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) …

Abstract Objectives To study whether Vitamin D levels are causally associated with
ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) …

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and progressive osseous heteroplasia are genetic
forms of heterotopic ossification (HO). Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is caused by …

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the axial skeleton,
resulting in severe pain, decreased mobility, and irreversible structural damage. This study …