Currently, disgust is regarded as the main adaptation for defence against pathogens and
parasites in humans. Disgust's motivational and behavioural features, including withdrawal …

Until the 1990s, the notion of brain lateralization—the division of labor between the two
hemispheres—and its more visible behavioral manifestation, handedness, remained fiercely …

An emphasis on ensuring animal welfare is growing in zoo and aquarium associations
around the globe. This has led to a focus on measures of welfare outcomes for individual …

Heart rate is a crucial vital sign and a valuable indicator for assessing the physical and
psychological condition of a target animal. Heart rate contributes to (1) fundamental …

Similarity or homophily in personality drives preferential strong social bonds or friendships in
humans and some non-human primate species. However, little is known about the general …

The evolution of predator–prey relationships is an important topic in primatology. Many
aspects of primate society have been explained as a response to predation pressure. While …

Highlights•American kestrels varied in grooming time, both seasonally and
geographically.•Birds in the subtropics groomed more than birds in the temperate …

To manage a stressful stimulus animals react both behaviorally and physiologically to
restore the homeostasis. In stable horses, a stressful stimulus can be represented by social …

Grooming by birds is thought to serve essential anti-parasite functions. While preening has
been well studied, little is known about the function of scratching in birds. We conducted a …

Tourism can play a significant role in the conservation of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei
beringei) by financing the protection of their habitat, but few systematic studies have focused …