More than 75 million people worldwide have been infected with human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), and there are now approximately 37 million individuals living with the infection …

Introduction The development of an effective vaccine to protect against HIV is a longstanding
global health need complicated by challenges inherent to HIV biology and to the execution …

The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in
determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies …

Humans have a close phylogenetic relationship with nonhuman primates (NHPs) and share
many physiological parallels, such as highly similar immune systems, with them. Importantly …

Measures to prevent sexual mucosal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1
are urgently needed to curb the growth of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) …

The chronic phase of HIV infection is marked by pathological activation of the immune
system, the extent of which better predicts disease progression than either plasma viral load …

HIV-1 is transmitted by sexual contact across mucosal surfaces, by maternal-infant
exposure, and by percutaneous inoculation. For reasons that are still incompletely …

Although there has been great progress in treating human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)
infection, preventing transmission has thus far proven an elusive goal. Indeed, recent trials …

For more than two decades, HIV has infected millions of people worldwide each year
through mucosal transmission. Our knowledge of how HIV secures a foothold at both the …

Antiretroviral drugs that inhibit viral replication were expected to reduce transmission of HIV
by lowering the concentration of HIV in the genital tract. In 11 of 13 observational studies …