Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy may negatively impact newborn birth weight. This
study investigates the relationship between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and …

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with lower fecundity rates, adverse
reproductive outcomes and a higher risk of IVF failures. Over the last few decades …

Environmental factors such as maternal smoking can significantly modulate genetically
programmed brain development during foetal life. This review looks at how prenatal …

Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for the development of
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the role of nicotine, the addictive component of …

Epigenetic alterations may mechanistically explain the developmental origins of adult
disease, namely the hypothesis that many complex adult chronic diseases originate as a …

Growing evidence of epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies has clearly shown a
close link between adverse in utero environment and the increased risk of neurological …

Atherosclerosis is a disease of arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction,
vascular inflammation, and the build-up of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris …

During the last decade, organs-on-chips or organoids microphysiological analysis platforms
(MAP) have garnered attention in the practical applications of disease models, drug …

Tobacco smoking is an important public health issue recognized by the world health
organization as one of the most serious, preventable risk factors for developing a series of …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common birth defects and impart a significant
burden on afflicted individuals and their families. It is increasingly understood that many …