Cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated soon after birth.
Therefore, in the adult heart, instead of an increase in cardiomyocyte number, individual …

CaMKII (the multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a highly
validated signal for promoting a variety of common diseases, particularly in the …

Regulated necrosis (necroptosis) and apoptosis are crucially involved in severe cardiac
pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and …

Background: Inflammation is associated with cardiac remodeling and heart failure, but how it
is initiated in response to nonischemic interventions in the absence of cell death is not …

Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for numerous
essential cellular functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. The …

The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To
maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with …

Abstract Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an enzyme with important
regulatory functions in the heart and brain, and its chronic activation can be pathological …

Cardiac remodeling involves molecular, cellular, and in-terstitial changes that manifest
clinically as changes in size, shape, and function of the heart after injury or stress …

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart
responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging …