The book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis
that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists. It adopts a …

A fundamental understanding of behavior is essential to improving the welfare of billions of
farm animals around the world. Despite living in an environment managed by humans, farm …

Aggression is costly, and animals have evolved tactics to mitigate these costs. Submission
signals are an underappreciated example of such adaptations. Here we review submissive …

In conflicts between social groups, the decision of competitors whether to attack/retreat
should be based on the assessment of the quantity of individuals in their own and the …

Animal contests were the focal topic that brought game theory to the attention of behavioural
ecologists, giving rise to evolutionary game theory. Game theory has remained by far the …

Consistent and heritable individual differences in reaction to challenges, often referred to as
stress coping styles, have been extensively documented in vertebrates. In fish, selection for …

THE TERM GROWL TYPICALLY REFERS TO LOW-PITCHED, rough sounds uttered by
animals. Humans occasionally use growl-like voices to express excessive emotions …

The recent growth of research on animal personality could provide new insights into our
understanding of sociality and the structure of animal groups. Although simple assays of the …

Acting submissively may inhibit aggression and facilitate the termination of contests without
further escalation. The need to minimize conflict is vital in highly social species where within …

Interactions among individuals of the same species inform us about resource value and
sociality; however, for species that are difficult to observe directly, these behaviours are …