Lutein and zeaxanthin belong to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, which are pigments
produced by plants. Structurally, they are very similar, differing only slightly in the …

The discovery of the necroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis that is mediated by receptor-
interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like …

Increased oxidative stress in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is implicated in age-
related macular degeneration (AMD). Antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) …

The lens of the eye has long been considered as a radiosensitive tissue, but recent research
has suggested that the radiosensitivity is even greater than previously thought. The 2012 …

Context Artificial light at night (ALAN) provides an array of important benefits but might also
adversely affect humans and other living organisms. Yet, the existing reviews of …

Background Excessive light exposure is a detrimental environmental factor that plays a
critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration. However, the mechanism of light …

The rapid spread of artificial light at night (ALAN) poses myriad problems for nocturnal
biodiversity. Bioluminescent taxa that communicate via glowing lures, warning signals, or …

The mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust
circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light …

The growing global population has increased the demands for urban housing development
not only in the cities but in suburbs and rural areas as well. This gradual but speedy …

Degenerative retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, are serious
diseases that may lead to irreversible retinal neuron damage and permanent vision …